MMA still has raised concerns among doctors, particularly because a fighter can win by inflicting head trauma, much the same as in boxing. Joseph Maroon, head neurosurgeon for the Steelers and concussion expert, respects the tradition of combat sports like MMA but also has reservations.

“As a physician, I understand the skill, the training and the benefits to individual athletes,” Maroon said. “But I’m very concerned about the brain injuries with [fighters].”

Maroon believes that the severe effects of concussions call for organizations like the UFC to institute parameters for concussion management